NCERT Solutions Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 13 Classifying the same activities as economic or non-economic — LET’S EXPLORE

Book page 187 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
In the table given on page 185, did you notice the third empty column? Label this column ‘economic / non-economic activity’. Now classify them according to the nature of activity.
Answer

Yes — the third column was left blank on purpose. Label it ‘Economic / non-economic activity’ and fill it like this. Ask only one question for each row: is money or money’s worth being exchanged?

Character in the storyActivities they are engaged inEconomic / non-economic activity
Geeta AuntyServing as a pilot in the Indian Air ForceEconomic — she receives a salary (stated on page 187)
Kabir’s grandfatherFree Geography classes for the neighbourhood kidsNon-economic — “free”, so no payment at all
Tending the family’s vegetable gardenNon-economic — the vegetables are for the home, not for sale
Running errands for the homeNon-economic — household work, done out of care for the family
Anu’s father (Appa)Running the shop that sells uniforms and ready-made garmentsEconomic — goods are sold for money and the family earns from it
Anu’s mother (Maa)Helping at the family shopEconomic — this is part of running the business that earns the family’s income
Teaching stitching in a voluntary groupNon-economic — “voluntary”, so she is not paid for it
RohanWorking as a software engineerEconomic — “is given a salary for it” (page 187)
Weekend computer classes at the youth development programmeNon-economic — page 187 says so in exactly these words: “This is a non-economic activity”
Anu and KabirGoing to school, studying, playingNon-economic — no money is exchanged by them; studying is an investment in their future
The taxi driverDriving Geeta Aunty home from workEconomic — the passenger pays a fare for the ride
Careful — the trap in this exercise: three people in the story appear twice, once on each side. Maa is economic at the shop and non-economic at the stitching group. Rohan is economic on weekdays and non-economic on weekends. Grandfather’s garden work is non-economic — but if he sold those vegetables in the market, the very same digging would become economic. Classify the activity, never the person.
Why the school row confuses students: a teacher teaching in school is doing an economic activity, because the school pays a salary. But you, sitting in the class and learning, are not — you pay no one and earn nothing from it today. Studying is still one of the most valuable things you can do, which is another proof that “non-economic” is not a smaller word than “economic”.
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