NCERT Solutions Ganita Prakash Chapter 10 Using tokens for subtraction — Figure it Out

Book page 258 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
Evaluate the following differences using tokens. Check that you get the same result as with other methods you now know: a. (+ 10) – (+ 7) b. (– 8) – (– 4) c. (– 9) – (– 4) d. (+ 9) – (+ 12) e. (– 5) – (– 7) f. (– 2) – (– 6)
Answer
ExpressionWhat you do with the tokensAnswer
a.(+ 10) – (+ 7)Put 10 green, take away 7 green → 3 green left+ 3
b.(– 8) – (– 4)Put 8 red, take away 4 red → 4 red left– 4
c.(– 9) – (– 4)Put 9 red, take away 4 red → 5 red left– 5
d.(+ 9) – (+ 12)Put 9 green; add 3 zero pairs to get 12 green, take them away → 3 red left– 3
e.(– 5) – (– 7)Put 5 red; add 2 zero pairs to get 7 red, take them away → 2 green left+ 2
f.(– 2) – (– 6)Put 2 red; add 4 zero pairs to get 6 red, take them away → 4 green left+ 4

Check with the ‘add the inverse’ rule:

(– 8) – (– 4) = – 8 + 4 = – 4 ✔    (+ 9) – (+ 12) = 9 + (– 12) = – 3
(– 5) – (– 7) = – 5 + 7 = + 2 ✔    (– 2) – (– 6) = – 2 + 6 = + 4
Why zero pairs are needed in d, e and f: you are asked to take away more tokens than you have. Adding zero pairs does not change the value (each pair is worth 0) but it gives you the tokens you need to remove.
Q2.
Complete the subtractions: a. (– 5) – (– 7) b. (+ 10) – (+ 13) c. (– 7) – (– 9) d. (+ 3) – (+ 8) e. (– 2) – (– 7) f. (+ 3) – (+ 15)
Answer

Change every subtraction into ‘add the inverse’ and finish it in one line.

a. (– 5) – (– 7) = – 5 + 7 = + 2
b. (+ 10) – (+ 13) = 10 + (– 13) = – 3
c. (– 7) – (– 9) = – 7 + 9 = + 2
d. (+ 3) – (+ 8) = 3 + (– 8) = – 5
e. (– 2) – (– 7) = – 2 + 7 = + 5
f. (+ 3) – (+ 15) = 3 + (– 15) = – 12
Tip: Notice that in (a), (c) and (e) a bigger negative is being subtracted from a smaller one, and the answer comes out positive every time. In (b), (d) and (f) a bigger positive is subtracted from a smaller one, so the answer is negative.
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