Q1.
If the globe or atlas in your class has well-marked latitudes and longitudes, try to note down approximate values for the latitude and longitude of (1) Mumbai, (2) Kolkata, (3) Singapore, (4) Paris.
Answer
Find the place, then read the nearest parallel across it and the nearest meridian down it. Rounded to the nearest degree, you should get values close to these:
| Place | Latitude | Longitude | What the numbers tell you |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mumbai (Maharashtra) | 19°N | 73°E | North of the Equator, well inside the tropics — hot and humid all year |
| Kolkata (West Bengal) | 23°N | 88°E | Almost on the Tropic of Cancer, and 15° east of Mumbai — the Sun rises there about an hour earlier |
| Singapore | 1°N | 104°E | Practically on the Equator — no real winter, rain through the year |
| Paris (France) | 49°N | 2°E | Far from the Equator and close to the Prime Meridian — cold winters, long summer days |
What the table shows: latitude explains climate — Singapore at 1°N is torrid all year, Paris at 49°N is temperate with a cold winter. Longitude explains time — Singapore (104°E) is ahead of Paris (2°E) by about 6 hours 45 minutes of local time.
Tip: your atlas and your friend's may differ by a degree or two. That is fine — the book itself says these values are “rounded off, not exact”. What matters is that you write N or S with the latitude and E or W with the longitude; “19, 73” by itself means nothing.