Q1.
Observe the table (Fig. 10.5). Highlight the functions and responsibilities that affect your life the most.
Answer
First, here is the table of Fig. 10.5 on page 157 in full, so that you can mark it. Remember the book’s own caution — “the list is not exhaustive”.
| Organ | All India / National level | State level |
|---|---|---|
| Judiciary | Supreme Court of India | High Court |
| Legislature | Two houses — Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha — formulate national laws | One State Assembly or Vidhan Sabha (most States have a single assembly; a few States have two) |
| Executive | Central Government — led by the President of India (nominal head and Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces), Prime Minister as the executive head | State Government — led by the Governor (nominal head), Chief Minister as the executive head |
| Functions and responsibilities of the Executive | Defence · Foreign Affairs · Atomic Energy · Communications · Currency · Inter-state Commerce · Education · Formulation of National Policies | Police, law and order · Adaptation and implementation of laws made by the Central government at the State level · Public health · Education · Agriculture · Irrigation · Local government |
Now the highlighting. Choose the entries that touch your day, and say in one line how. A sample:
| Entry I would highlight | Level | How it affects my life — sample answer |
|---|---|---|
| Education | Both Central and State | My school, my teachers, my textbook, my mid-day meal, my board examination. This is the single entry that affects me most |
| Public health | State | The health centre where I was vaccinated, and the hospital my family goes to |
| Police, law and order | State | The traffic police at the crossing outside school; being able to walk home safely |
| Agriculture and Irrigation | State | The canal and the seeds our family farm depends on — and the price of vegetables for everyone else |
| Local government | State subject | Water, streetlights, the drain, the park — everything within 200 metres of my house |
| Communications | Central | Phone and internet, and the post office |
| Currency | Central | Every note and coin, and the UPI payment my mother makes at the shop |
| Defence | Central | I do not see it daily, but it is why the country is safe enough for everything above to work |
Notice one thing while you mark: Education appears in both columns. That is not a printing mistake — some matters are handled by both levels together. It is also why your school follows a State department’s rules and a national syllabus at the same time.