NCERT Solutions Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 8 Food for All — LET'S EXPLORE

Book page 128 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
As a class activity, make a list of ingredients (grains, spices, etc.) that are used in your home.
Answer

How to do it. Open the kitchen shelf at home with an elder's permission and write down what you find, sorted into groups. Bring the list to class, put everyone's lists side by side, and mark the items that appear on almost every list — those are the ‘unity’.

Sample answer — a list from one home, arranged the way the chapter arranges it:

GroupWhat is on the shelfFound in almost every Indian home?
CerealsRice, wheat flour (atta), semolina (suji), barleyYes — the chapter names rice, barley and wheat
MilletsBajra (pearl millet), jowar (sorghum), ragi (finger millet)Yes — all three are named in the chapter
PulsesArhar/tur dal, moong dal, masoor dal, chana dal, urad dal, rajma, lobia, chickpeaYes — “various kinds of dals and grams”
SpicesTurmeric, cumin, cardamom, ginger, coriander seed, mustard seed, black pepper, cloves, cinnamon, chilliThe first four are named in the chapter as used “throughout the country”
OilsGroundnut oil, mustard oil, coconut oil, sesame (til) oilWhich one is the everyday oil changes by region — mustard in the east and north, coconut in Kerala, groundnut in the west, sesame in parts of the south
Everyday vegetablesOnion, potato, tomato, brinjal, okra (bhindi), bottle gourd, spinachCommon almost everywhere, but cooked in completely different ways

What the comparison shows. The grains, pulses and spices columns will be nearly identical across the whole class, even when classmates come from different States. The oils and the ready-made pastes and powders will differ the most — panch phoron in a Bengali kitchen, sambar podi in a Tamil one, garam masala in a Punjabi one, bhut jolokia in an Assamese one. Same base, different finish: that is the chapter's point in one shelf.

Did you know? Millets — bajra, jowar and ragi — grow with very little water and stand up to heat, which is why they have fed dry regions of India for thousands of years. The year 2023 was observed as the International Year of Millets, on a proposal made by India.
Q2.
Take any one vegetable and think of the number of different dishes you can prepare with it.
Answer

Take the potato (aloo, batata, urulaikizhangu, alugadde). One vegetable, one price, available in every market — and it becomes a different dish in every direction you travel.

DishRegion it is best known fromWhat is done to the same potato
Aloo parathaPunjab, HaryanaBoiled, mashed with spices, stuffed into wheat dough and roasted
Dum alooKashmirSmall whole potatoes fried, then simmered slowly in a sealed pot
Aloo postoWest BengalCubed and cooked with a ground poppy-seed paste
Batata bhajiMaharashtraBoiled and tossed with mustard seed, curry leaves and turmeric
Aloo chokhaBihar, eastern Uttar PradeshRoasted or boiled and mashed raw with mustard oil, onion and green chilli
Urulaikizhangu roastTamil NaduDiced and dry-roasted with chilli powder till crisp at the edges
Masala dosa fillingKarnatakaMashed with onion and turmeric, folded inside a rice-and-dal crêpe
Samosa fillingEaten across IndiaCoarsely mashed with peas and spices, sealed in pastry and fried
Aloo gobi, aloo matar, aloo baingan, aloo methiNorth IndiaPaired with a second vegetable, changing the dish each time

Count: that is twelve dishes without leaving the table, and any Indian kitchen could add ten more. Do the same with brinjal (baingan bharta, bharli vangi, ennai kathirikai, begun bhaja, baingan ka salan) and the result is the same.

Why one vegetable can do this: the potato is the unity; the method and the masala are the diversity. Change the cooking medium (mustard oil, coconut oil, ghee), the spice mix and the technique (roast, boil, fry, steam, slow-cook), and the same tuber turns into a Kashmiri, a Bengali or a Tamil dish. The chapter says exactly this: “the same ingredients (unity) can be used in a number of combinations (diversity) to prepare an endless variety of dishes!”
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