NCERT Solutions Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 12 Fig. 12.4 — LET'S EXPLORE

Book page 251 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
Observe the illustration. What are these people discussing? Imagine you and your partner as a buyer and a seller of guavas. Prepare a set of dialogues between both of you and present it in your class as a skit.
Answer

What they are discussing: the price. In Fig. 12.4 the seller stands behind a cart heaped with guavas, a weighing scale on one side and a QR code for digital payment propped against the fruit. He is holding out a filled paper bag; the buyer has not yet taken it and is still talking. That is the moment of a market — the goods are ready, the money is ready, and the two are settling how much.

Skit — a set of dialogues you can use. Two speakers, about two minutes.

SpeakerDialogueWhat is happening
Buyer“Bhaiya, how much for the guavas?”Enquiry
Seller“Sixty rupees a kilo, didi. Fresh from Allahabad, picked yesterday.”Seller quotes a price and gives a reason for it
Buyer“Sixty? The cart at the corner is selling at forty-five.”Buyer uses competition as an argument
Seller“His are small and half of them are marked. Look at mine — no spots. Give me fifty-five.”Seller defends on quality and lowers the price a little
Buyer“Forty-five, and I will take two kilos.”Buyer offers a bigger quantity for a lower price
Seller“Two kilos at fifty. Below that I make a loss — I bought them from the mandī at forty.”Seller names his cost: the price cannot go below it
Buyer“Fifty it is. Weigh them, and put in a couple of extra ones for the child.”Agreement
Seller“Done. One hundred rupees. Cash or scan?”Transaction completed
Seller's first ask: ₹60 per kg
Buyer's first offer: ₹45 per kg
Seller's cost from the mandī: ₹40 per kg
Agreed price: ₹50 per kg → for 2 kg, ₹50 × 2 = ₹100
Seller's profit: (₹50 − ₹40) × 2 = ₹20
Tip for the skit: keep one prop — a bag of guavas — and make sure the class can hear three things clearly: the first price, at least two offers in between, and the price both accept. Those three things are the market.
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