NCERT Solutions Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 6 The Gāndhāra school of art — THINK ABOUT IT

Book page 137 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
Do you know where Gāndhāra is? Does it remind you of a character from the epic Mahābhārata?
Answer

Where it is. Gāndhāra was an ancient region of the northwest of the Subcontinent — the Peshawar valley and the Swat valley, extending to Taxila (Takṣhaśhilā) and towards Kabul, in present-day north-western Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. The chapter locates the art style in “the western regions of Punjab”. It sat on the routes by which the Indo-Greeks, Śhakas and Kuṣhāṇas entered India — which is exactly why its art blends Greco-Roman and Indian features.

The Mahābhārata connection. Yes — Gāndhārī, whose very name means ‘the woman of Gāndhāra'. She was the princess of Gāndhāra who married the blind king Dhṛitarāṣhṭra and bound her own eyes with a cloth so as to share her husband's condition. She was the mother of the hundred Kauravas, including Duryodhana. Her brother was Śhakuni, the prince of Gāndhāra whose dice-game brought about the exile of the Pāṇḍavas.

Gāndhāra (the region) → Gāndhārī (‘of Gāndhāra') → wife of Dhṛitarāṣhṭra, mother of the Kauravas
Her brother: Śhakuni, prince of Gāndhāra
Why the name matters: Gāndhāra is not a foreign land that happens to have Indian art. It is named in India's own epic as a kingdom whose princess married into the ruling family at Hastināpura. The region had been part of the Indian world for centuries before Greek styles arrived — which is why the sculpture there is a fusion and not an import.
Did you know? The city of Kandahar in Afghanistan preserves the ancient name, and Aśhoka left one of his edicts there — in Greek and Aramaic, for the people of that region to read.
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