NCERT Solutions Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 8 Fig. 8.6, a map showing a few networks of traditional tīrthas — LET'S EXPLORE

Book page 174 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
Can you identify the names of a few traditional tīrthas given in the map above? You can refer to the political map at the end of the book for help.
Answer

The map carries no place names — only symbols, joined by lines. So the task is to read each symbol's position against a political map. The legend gives eight keys: International Boundary, Shakti Pīṭhas (red triangles), Jyotirlingas (dark-blue triangles), Chār Dhāms (light-blue triangles), Kumbh Mela Sites (orange triangles), Sikh Sites (yellow circles), Buddhist Sites (pink squares) and Jain Sites (purple diamonds).

Working symbol by symbol, these tīrthas can be identified with confidence:

SymbolPosition on the mapThe tīrtha
Chār DhāmUttarakhand Himalaya, about 30½°N 79°EBadrinath
Chār DhāmOdisha coast, about 20°N 86°EPuri
Chār DhāmSaurashtra coast, about 22°N 69°EDwarka
Chār DhāmSouthern tip, about 9°N 79°ERameswaram (also a jyotirlinga — the two triangles sit together)
Kumbh MelaWhere the Ganga leaves the hills, about 30°N 78°EHaridwar
Kumbh MelaGanga–Yamuna confluence, about 25½°N 82°EPrayagraj
Kumbh MelaMalwa, about 23°N 76°EUjjain (also the Mahakaleshwar jyotirlinga)
Kumbh MelaNorthern Maharashtra, about 20°N 74°ENashik (Trimbakeshwar jyotirlinga alongside)
JyotirlingaJust west of Badrinath in the Uttarakhand hillsKedarnath
JyotirlingaCluster on the Narmada and in western MaharashtraOmkareshwar, Bhimashankar, Grishneshwar, Aundha Nagnath
Sikh sitePunjab, about 31½°N 75°EAmritsar (Golden Temple / Akal Takht); Anandpur Sahib is the mark to its east
Sikh siteMiddle Ganga plain, about 25½°N 85°EPatna Sahib
Sikh siteMarathwada, about 19°N 77°ENanded (Hazur Sahib)
Buddhist siteEastern Uttar Pradesh and the Nepal borderSarnath, Kushinagar, Lumbini/Kapilvastu
Buddhist siteBihar, about 24½°N 85°E, and central IndiaBodh Gaya; Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh
Jain siteSouthern Rajasthan and SaurashtraMount Abu; Girnar and Śhatruñjaya (Palitana)
Jain siteJharkhand, about 24°N 86°E, and southern KarnatakaShikharji (Parasnath); Shravanabelagola
Shakti PīṭhaKolkata, Guwahati, Kanyakumari, Kangra, and dozens moreKalighat, Kamakhya, Kanyakumari, Jwalamukhi …
Check it yourself: use the political map at the end of the book and read off latitude and longitude for each symbol before naming it — that is exactly the skill the question is training. Where a red triangle stands alone in an area you cannot identify, it is enough to say “a Shakti pīṭha in this state”.
What the map is really showing: not a list of names but a pattern. The lines join sites of every tradition into networks that cross each other again and again, so that no part of the Subcontinent is left outside. That pattern is the chapter's whole argument in one picture.
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