NCERT Solutions Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 9 What is Government? What are its Functions? — LET'S EXPLORE

Book page 186 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
Do you remember this picture from your Grade 6 textbook?
Answer

Yes — Fig. 9.2 is the picture of government at work from the Grade 6 book. It is a grid of ten small scenes, and each scene stands for one role of government. Look at them one by one and the whole list on page 186 falls into place.

What the panel showsThe role of government it stands for
A modern train on the tracksTransport — an essential public service
A road roller laying a highwayBuilding infrastructure
A health worker attending to a familyDelivering healthcare
Soldiers patrolling a borderNational defence
A traffic policeman at a signalMaintaining law and order
Rescue workers in helmets at a damaged siteDisaster relief — security and safety of the people
A classroom full of childrenProviding education
The Supreme Court buildingJustice — the judicial function
People at counters in an office or bankManaging the economy and public administration
A postman with his bicycle and a letter boxCommunication and postal services
Why the book repeats the picture: Grade 6 asked what a government is. Grade 7 asks what kinds of government exist. Starting from the same familiar picture makes the point that every one of these tasks has to be done in any country — what differs is who decides how they are done, and to whom that person answers.
Q2.
The government also has many other roles. Try to list them.
Answer

Page 186 lists seven roles. Here are further ones you can see around you every day — with the ministry or body that usually does the work.

Other role of governmentWhat it looks like in daily life
Running electionsThe Election Commission conducts polls, issues voter ID cards and counts votes
Collecting taxes and preparing the BudgetIncome tax, GST; the Union Budget presented in Parliament every year
Issuing currency and regulating banksThe Reserve Bank of India prints notes and sets interest rates
Disaster managementNDRF teams during floods, cyclones and earthquakes
Protecting the environmentForest departments, national parks, pollution control boards
Public distribution and welfareRation shops, mid-day meals, pensions, MGNREGA work
Science, technology and spaceISRO's satellites; agricultural and medical research institutes
Culture and heritageArchaeological Survey of India, museums, libraries, protection of monuments
Registration and recordsBirth and death certificates, land records, passports, Aadhaar
Sports and public health campaignsStadiums and coaching; vaccination drives, Swachh Bharat
Diplomacy and helping citizens abroadEmbassies, visas, evacuating Indians from conflict zones
Try this: walk from your home to your school and count how many things you pass that exist because of a government decision — the road, the streetlight, the bus, the drain, the school itself. Make your own list of ten and name the role each one belongs to.
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