NCERT Solutions Ganita Prakash (Part 2) Chapter 6 .4 Fun with Grids — In-text Questions

Book page 1426 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
Create your own calendar trick. For instance, choose a grid of a different size and shape.
Answer

Any shape works — you only have to write every cell in terms of one letter-number. Here are three tricks, all on the August 2025 page.

1. The 3 × 3 square. Let c be the middle date. The nine dates are:

c – 8c – 7c – 6
c – 1cc + 1
c + 6c + 7c + 8
Sum = 9c + (–8 – 7 – 6 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 6 + 7 + 8) = 9c
So: “Tell me the sum, and I divide by 9 to get the middle date.”

Try it on 11, 12, 13 / 18, 19, 20 / 25, 26, 27: the sum is 171, and 171 ÷ 9 = 19, the middle date. ✓

2. The plus-shape (5 cells). With c in the centre the cells are c – 7, c – 1, c, c + 1, c + 7, so the sum is 5c — divide by 5.

3. A 2 × 3 rectangle. With a at the top-left the cells are a, a + 1, a + 2, a + 7, a + 8, a + 9, so the sum is 6a + 27 — subtract 27 and divide by 6.

Why it happens: a calendar is a grid with a fixed step of 1 across and 7 down, so every cell of a chosen shape is c plus a fixed number. Adding them gives (number of cells) × c + (a fixed total). If your shape is symmetric about its centre, those fixed numbers cancel in pairs and the constant is 0 — which is why the 3 × 3 and the plus-shape give such clean tricks.
Try This: the second grid printed on this page is not a calendar — it runs 2 to 50 with ten numbers in a row. There the step downwards is 10, not 7, so a 2 × 2 square gives a + (a + 1) + (a + 10) + (a + 11) = 4a + 22. Every trick has to be re-derived for the grid it lives on.
Q2.
In the following grid, shapes represent numbers. In each row, the last column is the sum of the values to its left. How do we find the values of the shapes?
Answer

Read each row as an equation and start with the row that has only one kind of shape.

Row 1: ■ + ■ + ■ = 27, so 3■ = 27
■ = 9  (dividing both sides by 3)

Row 2: ● + ● + ■ = 19
● + ● + 9 = 19  (replacing ■ by the number it stands for)
2● = 10  (subtracting 9 from both sides)
● = 5  (dividing both sides by 2)

So the blue square is 9 and the red circle is 5.

Why it happens: a shape here is doing the job of a letter-number — one shape, one fixed value throughout the grid. Row 1 has three equal shapes, so it is a one-step equation. Once ■ is known it can be put into row 2, and that turns a row with two unknowns into a row with one. Solving several equations is usually this: use one equation to remove an unknown from another.
Check it yourself: 9 + 9 + 9 = 27 ✓ and 5 + 5 + 9 = 19 ✓.
Q3.
In the following grids, find the values of the shapes and fill in the empty squares.
Answer

Grid 1 — blue square ■ and red circle ●:

Row 1: ■ + ■ + ● = 27 → 2■ + ● = 27  … (1)
Row 2: ● + ● + ■ = 21 → 2● + ■ = 21  … (2)

Add (1) and (2): 3■ + 3● = 48
■ + ● = 16  (dividing both sides by 3)
Put this into (1), written as ■ + (■ + ●) = 27:
■ + 16 = 27 → ■ = 11
● = 16 – 11 = 5

Row 3: ● + ■ + ● = 5 + 11 + 5 = 21
RowShapesIn numbersSum
1■ ■ ●11 + 11 + 527 (given)
2● ● ■5 + 5 + 1121 (given)
3● ■ ●5 + 11 + 521

Grid 2 — blue circle ● and purple diamond ◆:

Row 1: ● + ◆ + ◆ = 18 → ● + 2◆ = 18  … (1)
Row 2: ◆ + ● + ● = 15 → ◆ + 2● = 15  … (2)

Add (1) and (2): 3● + 3◆ = 33 → ● + ◆ = 11
From (1), written as (● + ◆) + ◆ = 18:   11 + ◆ = 18 → ◆ = 7
● = 11 – 7 = 4

Row 3: ◆ + ● + ● = 7 + 4 + 4 = 15

Row 3 has exactly the same shapes as row 2, so it had to give the same sum, 15. The fourth row of this grid is left blank — it is yours to fill: put in any three shapes and work out its sum. For example ◆ ◆ ◆ would give 21, and ● ● ◆ would give 15.

Why it happens: adding the two equations is legitimate because each is a statement that two numbers are equal; adding equals to equals keeps equality. It is worth doing here because both rows contain the same total number of shapes, so the sum comes out perfectly symmetric — 3■ + 3●. That single step turns a pair of two-unknown equations into the very simple ■ + ● = 16, and one substitution finishes it.
Check it yourself: Grid 1 — 11 + 11 + 5 = 27 ✓, 5 + 5 + 11 = 21 ✓. Grid 2 — 4 + 7 + 7 = 18 ✓, 7 + 4 + 4 = 15 ✓.
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