NCERT Solutions Curiosity Chapter 2 Activity 2.9: Let us prepare — Microorganisms and food

Book page 21 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
Observe the changes in the glass bowls. Write your predictions and observations in Table 2.4.
Answer

Bowl A (lukewarm milk, kept warm) sets into curd; bowl B (cold milk, kept in the refrigerator) stays liquid. Here is Table 2.4 filled in.

Change in the appearance of milkChange in the colour of milkPossible reason
Bowl ABowl BBowl ABowl B
PredictionWill thicken and setWill stay liquidNo real changeNo changeCurd sets faster in a warm place
ObservationMilk has turned into curd — thick and set, tastes a little sour; some clear liquid may separate at the edgeMilk has not curdled; it is still liquid, but it might be a little sourStays white, looks slightly more opaqueNo change — still whiteLactobacillus from the added curd multiplies quickly in warm milk and ferments it; in the cold the same bacteria grow far too slowly
Tip: the spoonful of curd you add is the starter — it is not an ingredient of the milk but a supply of living bacteria. That is why a fresh, live spoon of curd sets a bowl of milk while a sour, old one often does not.
Q2.
Do you know why this happens?
Answer

Because of the bacteria in the spoonful of curd you added, and because they can only work when they are warm.

  1. Curd contains several types of bacteria. One of them is Lactobacillus.
  2. This bacterium feeds on the sugar in the milk (lactose) and multiplies.
  3. As it feeds it ferments the milk to form curd. Unlike yeast, which produces alcohol, these bacteria produce lactic acid.
  4. The lactic acid makes the curd sour, and it is also what makes the milk thicken and set instead of staying liquid.
  5. These bacteria grow well in warm conditions. That is why curd is formed in bowl A but not in bowl B.
Why bowl B is only slightly sour: the bacteria are present in bowl B too — you added the same spoonful of curd. The refrigerator does not kill them; it only slows them down so much that they produce very little acid in a few hours. Given a very long time even refrigerated milk turns sour, which is why milk is not kept indefinitely even in a fridge.
Compare the two activities: yeast (a fungus) and Lactobacillus (a bacterium) both break down a sugar for energy. Yeast leaves behind carbon dioxide and a little alcohol, so dough rises. Lactobacillus leaves behind lactic acid, so milk sets and turns sour. Same idea, different by-product.
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