NCERT Solutions for Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 13 Dynamics of Population
Updated on 2026-09-05
About this chapter
Demography is the study of the composition of a human population — age, sex, education, occupation, religion — and of how it changes over time through births, deaths and the movement of people. Governments use it to plan schools, hospitals, roads, housing, water, energy and waste services; businesses use it to work out who their customers are. India’s census , held about every 10 years, is the official count. Four indicators drive everything else (Fig. 6.7): the birth rate (live births per 1,000 people in a year), the fertility rate (average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime), the death or mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 people in a year) and migration . A fertility rate of 2.1 is the replacement level: above it a population grows, below it it eventually shrinks. World
- Chapter opener
- What Is Demography?
- Population at a Glance
- Birth and fertility rates
- Birth and fertility rates (Fig. 6.11)
- Migration
- Improvement in India’s sex ratio
- India’s Demographic Dividend
- –190End of chapter
Exercises
- Chapter opener — The Big Questions Page 167
- What Is Demography? — In-text Questions Page 168
- Population at a Glance — LET’S EXPLORE Page 172
- Birth and fertility rates — LET’S EXPLORE Page 173
- Birth and fertility rates (Fig. 6.11) — LET’S EXPLORE Page 175
- Migration — THINK ABOUT IT Page 177
- Improvement in India’s sex ratio — LET’S EXPLORE Page 180
- India’s Demographic Dividend — THINK ABOUT IT Page 183
- India’s Demographic Dividend — THINK ABOUT IT Page 186
- –190End of chapter — Questions and activities Page 187