Look at the picture given below (Fig. 3.17). Carefully observe the various poses of classical and folk dances of India. Can you identify which joints are involved? Also, what type of movement each joint allows? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fig. 3.17, page 40 — redrawn sketch of the nine dance poses printed in

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Almost every joint in the body appears somewhere in Fig. 3.17. Look at what each dancer is doing and name the joint by the movement, not by the pose. What you can see in the poses Joint involved Type Movement it allows Arms raised above the head, swung out sideways, circled Shoulder Ball and socket Forward, backward, sideways and circular movement of the whole arm One leg lifted to the side and swung out (as in the first and second poses) Hip Ball and socket Free movement of the thigh in all directions Elbow bent sharply to hold a mudra near the shoulder Elbow Hinge Bending and straightening the forearm in one plane Deep araimandi knee bend, weight on a bent knee Knee Hinge Bending and straightening the leg; the kneecap protects the joint Standing on the ball of the foot, toes pointed, heel struck on the floor Ankle and toe joints Hinge Up-and-down movement of the foot; the tendon at the heel transmits the pull Head turned side to side, the classic greeva movement Skull on the backbone Pivot Rotation of the head, side to side like a doorknob Fingers held in precise mudras Finger joints Hinge Bending of each finger segment; the muscles are in the forearm and pull through long tendons Skull itself, holding its shape through every jump Bones of the skull Fixed No movement — the brain, eyes and ears stay protected Why classical dance is such a good demonstration: a dance pose holds a joint at the extreme of its range, so the limit set by the joint's shape becomes obvious. The arm

What you can see in the poses	Joint involved	Type	Movement it allows
Arms raised above the head, swung out sideways, circled	Shoulder	Ball and socket	Forward, backward, sideways and circular movement of the whole arm
One leg lifted to the side and swung out (as in the first and second poses)	Hip	Ball and socket	Free movement of the thigh in all directions
Elbow bent sharply to hold a mudra near the shoulder	Elbow	Hinge	Bending and straightening the forearm in one plane
Deep araimandi knee bend, weight on a bent knee	Knee	Hinge	Bending and straightening the leg; the kneecap protects the joint
Standing on the ball of the foot, toes pointed, heel struck on the floor	Ankle and toe joints	Hinge	Up-and-down movement of the foot; the tendon at the heel transmits the pull
Head turned side to side, the classic greeva movement	Skull on the backbone	Pivot	Rotation of the head, side to side like a doorknob
Fingers held in precise mudras	Finger joints	Hinge	Bending of each finger segment; the muscles are in the forearm and pull through long tendons
Skull itself, holding its shape through every jump	Bones of the skull	Fixed	No movement — the brain, eyes and ears stay protected

NCERT Solutions for Class 9th Science Chapter 3 .5 Types of Joints — Pause and Ponder