NCERT Solutions for Class 9th Science Chapter 4 Activity 4.2: Let us calculate — Average acceleration

Book page 55 Updated on2026-09-19

Q1.
The magnitude of average acceleration of cars is generally specified as the time taken by the car to go from 0 km h⁻¹ to 100 km h⁻¹. Look it up on the internet and find this time for various cars, and record those in Table 4.2.
Car typeTime interval during which the speed goes from 0 to 100 km h⁻¹ (s)Magnitude of average acceleration (m s⁻²)
Table 4.2, page 55 — the magnitude of average acceleration in a time interval (printed blank in the book, for you to fill in).
Answer

First convert the change in speed into SI units, because the acceleration must come out in m s⁻².

change in speed = 100 km h⁻¹ − 0 km h⁻¹ = 100 km h⁻¹
100 km h⁻¹ = 100 × 1000 m / 3600 s = 27.8 m s⁻¹

Now look up the "0–100 km h⁻¹" time quoted by the manufacturer or a road test for each car and fill the middle column. Typical published values look like this — treat them as a model; the whole point of the activity is that you find and record real figures yourself.

Car typeTime interval during which the speed goes from 0 to 100 km h⁻¹ (s)Magnitude of average acceleration (m s⁻²)
Small hatchback12.02.3
Mid-size sedan10.02.8
SUV (turbo-petrol)8.53.3
Electric hatchback7.04.0
Sports car3.57.9
Tip: keep the third column to two significant figures. The published 0–100 time is itself only quoted to about a tenth of a second, so quoting the acceleration to three decimals would be false precision.
Q2.
Calculate the magnitude of average acceleration for each car.
Answer

State the formula, then substitute — the same three lines for every row of the table.

average acceleration = (final velocity − initial velocity) / time interval   [Eq. 4.3b]
|a| = (27.8 m s⁻¹ − 0 m s⁻¹) / t

Worked out for the sample rows:

t = 12.0 s → |a| = 27.8 / 12.0 = 2.3 m s⁻²
t = 10.0 s → |a| = 27.8 / 10.0 = 2.8 m s⁻²
t = 8.5 s   → |a| = 27.8 / 8.5 = 3.3 m s⁻²
t = 7.0 s   → |a| = 27.8 / 7.0 = 4.0 m s⁻²
t = 3.5 s   → |a| = 27.8 / 3.5 = 7.9 m s⁻²
Why it happens: every car reaches the same final speed, so the numerator 27.8 m s⁻¹ is fixed and the acceleration is simply inversely proportional to the time. A car that halves its 0–100 time doubles its average acceleration. Compare these with g = 9.8 m s⁻²: even a sports car accelerates forward at less than the rate at which a dropped stone gains downward speed.
Check it yourself: the figure you get is an average over the whole run. The real acceleration is largest in the lower gears and falls off at high speed, where air resistance grows — so the car is never accelerating at exactly this value.
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