NCERT Solutions for Class 4th The World Around Us Chapter 10 End-of-chapter questions — Let us reflect

Two differences between day and night:

1. In the day the Sun is in the sky and everything is bright. At night the Sun is not in the sky and it is dark.
2. In the day we see the Sun and the blue sky. At night we see the Moon and the stars.

(You may also say: there are shadows in the sunlight during the day, and no sunlight shadows at night.)

Two differences between the morning sky and the evening sky:

1. In the morning the sky turns orange on the East side, where the Sun appears. In the evening it turns orange on the West side, where the Sun goes down.
2. The morning sky is getting brighter — the stars fade away. The evening sky is getting darker — the stars begin to appear.

Two differences in what we do:

1. During the day we go to school, work, play outside and dry our clothes in the Sun. At night we stay indoors, eat dinner and sleep.
2. During the day we work in sunlight, which is free. At night we must switch on lamps and lights to see.

Two differences in what animals do:

1. In the day most birds and animals are awake — birds fly out to look for food, cows graze, butterflies visit flowers. At night most of them sleep in their nests, coops and sheds.
2. Some animals do the opposite. Owls, bats, crickets and mosquitoes come out at night and rest in the day.

A good question asks about something the statement does not tell you. Here are questions Meera can ask.

1. “Why do you say the Sun appears to move? Does it really move, or does it only look that way to us?”
2. “Does the Sun appear to come up from the same place in the East every single day?”

Two more she could ask:

• “Where does the Sun go after it sets in the West? How does it come back to the East by morning?”
• “Do the Moon and the stars also appear to move from the East to the West at night?”

Sample answer (any two of the above, written in your own words).

Why the direction changes: because the Sun is on a different side of the sky at the two times.

1. In the morning the Sun appears in the East. Your shadow falls away from it, on the West side.
2. By the afternoon the Sun has moved towards the West. Now your shadow falls the other way, on the East side.

You did not move at all. The Sun moved, so the shadow moved.

Would the length be the same? No.

• Early in the morning the Sun is low, so your shadow is long.
• Near noon the Sun is overhead, so your shadow is at its shortest.
• Later in the afternoon the Sun goes low again and the shadow grows long once more.

So the two shadows are different in direction, and usually different in length as well.

Write four to eight lines. Here is an easy way to build them.

1. Pick one thing in the sky — the Sun, the Moon, a star, a cloud or a rainbow.
2. Write one line saying what it looks like. Compare it to something you know: a laddoo, a lamp, a boat, cotton wool.
3. Write one line saying what it does — it rises, it hides, it twinkles, it floats.
4. Make the last word of the second line rhyme with the last word of the first, if you can.
5. Give the poem a title.

Sample answer:

The answer to the riddle is a shadow.

Now the two missing lines. They should add one more clue and keep the rhyme.

Sample answer — the completed riddle:

Another pair of lines that works just as well:

How each clue fits a shadow:

• Only one colour — every shadow is dark, whatever colour the object is.
• But not one size — it is long in the morning, short at noon, long again in the evening.
• Appears with light — no light, no shadow.