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NCERT Solutions for Class 5th Maths Chapter 4 Relationship Between Addition and Subtraction — Relationship Between Addition and Subtraction

Book page 44 Updated on2026-09-19

Q1.
Find the relationship between the numbers in the given statements and fill in the blanks appropriately. (a) If 46 + 21 = 67, then 67 – 21 = ___ and 67 – 46 = ___. (b) If 198 – 98 = 100, then 100 + ___ = 198 and 198 – ___ = 98. (c) If 189 + 98 = 287, then 287 – 98 = ___ and 287 – 189 = ___. (d) If 872 – 672 = 200, then 200 + ___ = 872 and 872 – ___ = 672.
Answer

Every one of these blanks can be filled without any working. The three numbers in each family are the same three numbers, only rearranged.

Given factFirst blankSecond blank
(a) 46 + 21 = 6767 − 21 = 4667 − 46 = 21
(b) 198 − 98 = 100100 + 98 = 198198 − 100 = 98
(c) 189 + 98 = 287287 − 98 = 189287 − 189 = 98
(d) 872 − 672 = 200200 + 672 = 872872 − 200 = 672

Take (a) as the picture for all four.

  1. 46 and 21 are the two parts. 67 is the whole.
  2. Take one part away from the whole and the other part is left: 67 − 21 = 46.
  3. Take the other part away and the first part is left: 67 − 46 = 21.
Why it happens: Adding puts two parts together to make a whole. Subtracting takes one part out of the whole. They undo each other, exactly like walking 5 steps forward and then 5 steps back. So one addition fact always hides two subtraction facts inside it, and one subtraction fact always hides an addition fact.
Check it yourself: For (d), 200 + 672 = 872 ✓ and 872 − 200 = 672 ✓. Both blanks use only the numbers already printed in the question — you never need a new number.
Q2.
In each of the following, write the subtraction and addition sentences that follow from the given sentence. (a) If 78 + 164 = 242, then ___ . (b) If 462 + 839 = 1301, then ___ . (c) If 921 – 137 = 784, then ___ . (d) If 824 – 234 = 590, then ___ .
Answer

Each box has two blank lines, so write two sentences in each.

GivenFirst sentenceSecond sentence
(a) 78 + 164 = 242242 − 164 = 78242 − 78 = 164
(b) 462 + 839 = 13011301 − 839 = 4621301 − 462 = 839
(c) 921 − 137 = 784784 + 137 = 921921 − 784 = 137
(d) 824 − 234 = 590590 + 234 = 824824 − 590 = 234

How to build the sentences in 3 steps.

  1. Find the biggest of the three numbers. That is the whole. In (a) it is 242.
  2. The other two are the parts: 78 and 164.
  3. Now write: whole − part = the other part. Do it once for each part.

If you are given a subtraction sentence, as in (c) and (d), the answer of the subtraction is itself a part.

  1. In (c) the whole is 921. The parts are 137 and 784.
  2. Put the two parts together: 784 + 137 = 921.
  3. Take the other part away from the whole: 921 − 784 = 137.
Check it yourself: 462 + 839 = 1301 ✓, so 1301 − 462 must give 839 — and it does. Whenever your three numbers are the same three, you have not made a mistake.
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