The family spends the most on food (₹ 3400) and the second most on house rent (₹ 3000).
Total monthly expenditure = 3000 + 3400 + 800 + 400 + 600 + 1200 = ₹ 9400
Food and rent together = 3400 + 3000 = ₹ 6400 — that is nearly two-thirds of the whole budget.
Q2.
Is the cost of electricity about one-half the cost of education?
Answer
Yes — it is exactly one-half.
Cost of education = ₹ 800
Half of ₹ 800 = 800 ÷ 2 = ₹ 400
Cost of electricity = ₹ 400 ✔
The bars say the same thing without any arithmetic: the electricity bar is 2 unit lengths tall and the education bar is 4 unit lengths tall — one is exactly half of the other.
Why bar graphs make “half” and “double” easy to see: since every bar starts from the same zero line and has the same width, one bar being half as tall really does mean half the amount. If the bars did not start from zero, this comparison would be false.
Q3.
Is the cost of education less than one-fourth the cost of food?
Answer
Yes.
Cost of food = ₹ 3400
One-fourth of ₹ 3400 = 3400 ÷ 4 = ₹ 850
Cost of education = ₹ 800
800 < 850, so education is less than one-fourth of food ✔
It is only ₹ 50 short, so on the graph the education bar looks very close to a quarter of the food bar — close enough that you must check with numbers before deciding.
Check it yourself the other way round: 4 × 800 = 3200, and 3200 < 3400. Four times the education cost is still less than the food cost, which says the same thing.