NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Maths Chapter 4 Data Handling and Presentation
Updated on 2026-09-19
About this chapter
Data is any collection of facts, numbers, measures or observations that gives us information about things. A jumbled list is data too — but it hides its answer until it is organised. Data is organised in a frequency table using tally marks , drawn in bundles of five ( |||| ). The frequency is the number of times a value occurs. A pictograph shows data with pictures. Its key (or scale) tells how much one symbol stands for — 1 student, 5 students, 100 kites — and a half symbol stands for half of that. A bar graph uses bars of uniform width with equal gaps ; the height or length of a bar gives the frequency. The markings must always start from zero . Choosing a good scale is the heart of both — it must divide the data neatly and let the whole picture fit on the page. Heights are best shown wi
- Collecting and Organising Data
- Tally Marks and Frequency
- Arranging Data in Order
- Pictographs
- Drawing a Pictograph
- Reading and Making Pictographs
- Bar Graphs
- Reading a Bar Graph
- Choosing a Scale
- Drawing a Bar Graph
Quick revision
| Term | What it means | How it is shown | Example from the chapter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data | A collection of facts, numbers, measures or observations | A list, or a table | Navya's list of 31 favourite games |
| Frequency | How many times a value occurs | The last column of a table | Hockey — 8 students |
| Tally mark | One stroke for each observation, in bundles of five | |||| with the fifth drawn across | Gujiya — |
| Frequency table | Values in one column, their counts in another | A two- or three-column table | The sweet preferences table |
| Ascending order | Data arranged from smallest to largest | A single ordered row | Shoe sizes 3, 3, 3, 4, 4 … 7 |
| Pictograph | Data shown by pictures or symbols | Rows of symbols against each category | Books borrowed in a week |
| Key / scale of a pictograph | What one symbol stands for | Written beside the picture | 1 symbol = 100 kites |
| Half symbol | Half of what one symbol stands for | Half a picture | Half symbol of 10 = 5 children |
| Bar graph | Data shown by bars of equal width | Bars rising from a zero line | Students absent in each class |
| Scale of a bar graph | What one unit length stands for | Marked on the number line | 1 unit length = ₹ 200 |
| Column graph | A bar graph with vertical bars | Bars growing upward | Heights of the seven summits |
| Infographic | A data picture beautified with artwork | Shapes, colours, drawings | The mountain-range picture on page 105 |
Exercises
- Figure it Out — Collecting and Organising Data Page 75 & 76
- Figure it Out — Tally Marks and Frequency Page 76 & 77
- Figure it Out — Arranging Data in Order Page 77 – 79
- In-text Questions — Pictographs Page 80
- In-text Questions — Drawing a Pictograph Page 82 & 83
- Figure it Out — Reading and Making Pictographs Page 83 – 85
- In-text Questions — Bar Graphs Page 86
- Figure it Out — Reading a Bar Graph Page 88
- In-text Questions — Choosing a Scale Page 89
- In-text Questions — Drawing a Bar Graph Page 93
- Figure it Out — Drawing a Bar Graph Page 93 – 99
- In-text Questions — Artistic and Aesthetic Considerations Page 101
- Figure it Out — Artistic and Aesthetic Considerations Page 103
- Infographics — In-text Question Page 105