NCERT Solutions Curiosity Chapter 6 .3.1–6.3.2 Lustre and hardness — In-text Questions

Book page 1076 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
Are all lustrous materials metals?
Answer

No. As the old saying goes, “All that glitters is not gold”.

  • The surfaces of many materials are made shiny by polishing them, or by coating them with a thin layer of plastic, wax, lacquer or paint. A polished wooden table, a laminated notebook cover, a shiny silk saree, a glazed kulhad and a well-polished granite floor all shine — none of them is a metal.
  • Some natural non-metals also shine — a diamond, a piece of mica, the mother-of-pearl inside a seashell.

And the opposite is true as well: a metal may look dull. Air and moisture act on the surface of many metals, so an old iron gate or an old copper vessel looks dull and non-lustrous. That is why we often notice the lustre only on their freshly cut surfaces.

How to be sure, then: shine alone does not prove a material is a metal. Scratch or cut the surface — a metal is shiny right through, whereas a coated object shows dull wood, paper or plastic underneath the moment the coating is scraped off.
Did you know? A brass lota that has gone dull turns bright again when rubbed with tamarind pulp or lemon and ash. You are removing the dull layer formed by air and moisture and exposing the fresh metal below.
Q2.
Can some materials be scratched more easily than others?
Answer

Yes. Take a metal key and drag it firmly across each surface. You will see a clear difference.

Material scratched with a keyWhat happensSo it is
ChalkA deep groove, powder comes offVery soft
Candle (wax)Cuts easily, wax curls offVery soft
WoodA visible line is leftFairly soft
AluminiumA faint markFairly hard
IronAlmost no markHard
StoneNo mark — the key gets marked insteadVery hard

Materials which can be compressed or scratched easily are soft; materials which are difficult to compress or scratch are hard.

An important caution — hardness is relative: no material is “hard” all by itself. Rubber is harder than sponge but softer than iron. That is why we always say a material is harder than something else.
Check it yourself: Press a stone and then an eraser with your thumb. The stone does not give at all; the eraser dents and springs back. Pressing is the second test for hardness, alongside scratching.
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