NCERT Solutions Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 10 Three Organs of Government — LET’S EXPLORE
Book page 154 Updated on2026-09-05
Q1.
Explain how the three government organs are at work in the case of the cyber criminals described above. How do they intervene?
Answer
Each organ enters at a different moment, and none of them could finish the job alone. The chapter’s example: digital money transfer made a new kind of theft possible, in which criminals steal people’s money “without even leaving their desks”.
Organ
When it intervenes
What exactly it does in this case
Legislature (makes the law)
First — before any arrest is possible
The old laws were written for theft you could see. So the legislature passes new laws against cybercrime — as the chapter says, “this has led many governments to pass new laws in order to fight such criminal activities”. It defines the offence and fixes the punishment, and may later update the law as new tricks appear
Executive (implements the law)
Next — when a crime is actually committed
The government sets up and funds the cyber police — the chapter names this agency itself. They receive the complaint, trace the digital trail, freeze accounts, gather evidence and arrest the accused, then place the case before the court. Ministers and the department decide policy, training and cybersecurity rules
Judiciary (decides)
Last — once the accused is before a court
The court hears both sides and decides “whether someone has broken the law and, if so, what course of action should be taken”. The chapter states the outcome: such criminals “have been arrested and convicted in court. They are usually fined as well as jailed for some years.” The court can also examine whether the new law itself is fair to all
One case, three organs, in order: the law is made, then enforced, then applied by a court — and only then are people actually protected.
Why all three are needed: remove any one and the case collapses. Without the legislature there is no law, and the police cannot arrest anyone for something that is not an offence. Without the executive the law sits in a book, because nobody investigates or catches anyone. Without the judiciary the police would be deciding guilt themselves, and an innocent person would have nowhere to turn. This is exactly why Fig. 10.3 draws the three as separate arcs of one circle, with arrows between them: separate, but working together.
Did you know? The chapter mentions that ‘money order’ and ‘demand draft’ are terms you may never have heard — thirty years ago, sending money meant a form, a queue and days of waiting. New technology brought new convenience, new crime, and then new law. That sequence is one of the clearest examples of why the legislature must be able to “update or remove existing laws”.