NCERT Solutions Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 12 Physical and online markets compared — THINK ABOUT IT

Book page 255 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
What do you think are the pros and cons of online and physical shopping respectively? Explore this question from the point of view of both, sellers and buyers.
Answer

Four points of view, so build the answer as a four-box grid.

ProsCons
Online — the buyerShop from home at any hour, even “thousands of kilometres away”; huge variety; prices easy to compare; online reviews from other consumers; home delivery; online payment; services such as online classes without stepping outCannot touch, smell, try on or test the goods; must wait for delivery; risk of a wrong or damaged item; returns are troublesome; no bargaining; needs a phone, internet and some digital confidence
Online — the sellerReaches buyers all over the country and abroad without a shop; no costly shop rent; open 24 hours; the aggregator handles packing and delivery; manufacturers can also buy their inputs onlineMust compete with thousands of other sellers on one screen, so mostly on price; pays a commission to the aggregator; bad reviews spread fast; cost of returns and of packing perishables
Physical — the buyerSee, touch and test before paying; take the goods home at once; bargain; deal with a shopkeeper the family has trusted for years; easy exchange; no delivery chargeMust travel and spend time; limited to what the nearby shops stock; shop timings; harder to compare prices across shops
Physical — the sellerCan persuade a customer face to face; builds a long relationship, even “across generations”; immediate payment; no packing or courier costRent, electricity and staff to pay; only nearby customers; the shop must be manned all day; stock is limited by the size of the shop
Tip: the two are not enemies. Many families now see the product in a physical shop and buy it online, or order online and collect from the store. A good answer says so.
Q2.
Some services require in-person contact like tailoring and cannot be provided online. Can you suggest other services where physical markets are needed?
Answer

Any service where the person, the body or the object must physically be there. The chapter's own photographs already show two — the salon (Fig. 12.19) and the garment shop (Fig. 12.18).

ServiceWhy it cannot be done online
Haircut, salon, spaThe barber's hands must reach your hair
Dentist, surgery, physiotherapy, vaccinationThe body must be examined and treated in person
Repairing a cycle, a car, a mobile phone, a washing machineThe mechanic must open the machine
Plumbing, electrical work, carpentry, painting a houseThe work is on a building that cannot be sent anywhere
Restaurant meal, roadside chai, street foodCooked food must be eaten hot and fresh, on the spot
Cinema hall, sports stadium, theatre, temple fairHalf the value is being in the crowd
Buying jewellery, spectacles, shoes or a mattressFit, weight and feel must be checked before buying
Cutting hair of a bride, tailoring a wedding outfitMeasurement and fitting need several in-person sittings
Why it happens: a service can go online only if the whole of it can travel as information — words, pictures, sound, money. An online class works because teaching is information. A haircut is not information, so it stays in a physical market.
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