NCERT Solutions Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 3 Weather, Seasons and the Climate — In-text Questions

Book page 46 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
‘Climate’ is a word people use in everyday conversations. But, quite often, what they really mean is ‘weather’, and not ‘climate’. What's the difference?
Answer

The difference is the length of time you are talking about.

 WeatherClimate
Time scaleWhat we experience every hour or dayThe pattern over a long period — several decades at least
Does it change?It keeps changing, all the timeIt usually stays stable over long periods
Examples‘It is raining’; ‘there is bright sunshine’; ‘there is a lot of wind today’‘The Thar Desert has an arid climate’; ‘the northern plains have a subtropical climate’
How you find it outLook out of the windowStudy records of temperature, rainfall and wind over thirty years or more
Tip: a one-line way to remember it — weather is a mood, climate is a personality. A cheerful person can have a bad day (a rainy day in a dry region); that does not change who they are.
Q2.
Are seasons related to the weather or to the climate?
Answer

To both. That is the answer the book itself gives.

  • Seasons and weather: the weather changes with the season. It can be dry and hot in the summer months, or humid and rainy during the monsoon.
  • Seasons and climate: the pattern of seasons in a region is closely connected with its climate. Most of the world has four main seasons — spring, summer, autumn and winter — but India also receives rainfall during a specific period of the year, the ‘rainy season’ or monsoon, along with the other four.

Seasons occur as the Earth revolves around the Sun. Each season lasts a few months and recurs every year, in a cycle. Traditionally, in many parts of India the year is divided into six seasons or ṛitus:

ṚituIn EnglishA festival the chapter names
vasantaspringVasanta Pañchamī
grīṣhmasummer 
varṣhārainy season 
śharadautumnŚharad Pūrṇima
hemantapre-winter 
śhiśhirwinter 
Why the answer must be ‘both’: a single season is a stretch of weather you live through this year — that is weather. But the fact that every year brings the same six seasons in the same order is a long-term pattern — and a long-term pattern is exactly what climate means.
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