NCERT Solutions Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 6 Fig. 6.7, a panel from the Bharhut Stūpa — LET'S EXPLORE

Book page 124 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
Below is a panel from the Bharhut Stūpa. Look at the two figures on the right. What are they doing? Can you guess their profession? Notice their attire. What does this tell us about them? List other details that you notice in the panel and discuss your findings in class.
Answer

What they are doing. The two figures on the right are shown in movement — knees bent, bodies leaning forward, arms raised in front of the face, each holding a slender object. They are not fighting and they carry no weapons: they are taking part in the celebration around the object in the medallion, most probably as musicians — one appears to be blowing a horn or conch held to the mouth, the other to be striking or holding a long instrument.

Their profession. Musicians or performers attached to a court or to the stūpa's festivities is the best guess, and the one most classes reach. (A second reading is defensible — that they are attendants or devotees hurrying towards the shrine with offerings — so give your reason, whichever you choose.)

Their attire, and what it tells us. Look at what they wear:

  • A large, carefully wound turban with a knot at the side.
  • Big round ear-ornaments, a necklace, armlets and several bangles on each wrist.
  • A short dhoti tied with a sash, upper body bare — light clothing for movement.

That is not the dress of a poor labourer. Ordinary working people in these carvings wear far less. So the panel tells us these were skilled, respected people — well paid enough to own ornaments, and important enough to appear in a sacred sculpture.

Other details in the panel (list these in class):

DetailWhat to say about it
A large circular medallion filled with lotus petalsThe lotus is the commonest ornament at Bharhut; the object resting inside it is being honoured
A thick garland or creeper curving over the medallionGarlands mark the object as sacred — the same gesture as putting a garland on a picture today
Two smaller rosettes and lotus roundels at the sidesRepeated decorative motifs — the sculptor worked to a plan
A rocky background of overlapping slabsThe convention for showing a hill or mountain
A carved band below with beaded festoons and lotus buds hanging over vasesThe lower border of the railing — the same festoon runs all round the stūpa
Why this matters: the Śhungas added these railings and reliefs to a stūpa probably built in Aśhoka's time. Because the carvings show ordinary life — clothes, jewellery, instruments, hairstyles — they are among our best sources for what people actually looked like more than 2,000 years ago.
Check it yourself: hold your book close and follow each figure's hands. If you can see the instrument clearly, describe exactly what you see — a good history answer always says what the evidence shows before it says what the evidence means.
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