NCERT Solutions Curiosity Chapter 11 .2 Water — In-text Questions

Book page 21311 Updated on2026-09-05

Q1.
Identify other human activities that lead to water pollution. Discuss with your friends in the class what you can do to reduce water pollution.
Answer

The book mentions two: throwing trash into water bodies and dumping waste from homes and industries into them. Here are the others.

Human activityHow it pollutes water
Letting untreated sewage and drain water flow into riversAdds filth and germs; the water starts to smell and fish die
Factory waste — dyes, acids, oil, chemicalsAdds harmful substances that do not go away by themselves
Excess fertilisers and pesticides in fieldsRain washes them into ponds and rivers
Washing clothes, cattle and vehicles in ponds and riversSoap, detergent and grease mix into the water
Throwing plastic bags, wrappers, idols and puja offerings into riversPlastic floats for years and blocks the flow
Open defecation near a water sourceGerms enter the water and cause diseases
Oil leaks from boats and shipsA thin oil film spreads and kills water plants and fish

What we can do (discuss and choose in class):

  • Never throw wrappers, bottles or leftover food into a pond, canal or river — carry them to a dustbin.
  • Use less detergent, and wash clothes at home rather than at the river bank.
  • Immerse idols and puja flowers in a separate tank, not in the river.
  • Keep the school and colony drains clean and unblocked.
  • Make posters and a street play for cleanliness week; join a river or lake clean-up drive.
Why it matters so much: polluted water is not fit for consumption by any living being — not for us, not for cattle, not for the fish that live in it. And freshwater sources are already limited.
Q2.
In what ways can you conserve water?
Answer

Conserving water means using it carefully and putting back whatever we can. Three groups of methods:

MethodWhat to do
Use lessClose taps when not needed; bathe with a bucket; fix leaks; wash vegetables in a bowl; run a full washing machine load
Use again (recycling)Use rinse water and RO reject water for plants, floors and toilets; use vegetable-washing water in the garden
Put water back (harvesting)Rooftop rainwater harvesting; recharge pits and soak pits; check dams, ponds and stepwells; keep some ground unpaved so rain can seep in
Waste less in farmingDrip and sprinkler irrigation instead of flooding the field; mulching with dry leaves
Keep it cleanPreventing pollution is also conservation — clean water stays usable
Why it is urgent: freshwater sources are limited, so there is a shortage of water in many parts of India. At some places people walk long distances just to fetch drinking water. Everyone does not have the same access to water — so using it judiciously is not only sensible, it is fair.
Q3.
Find traditional water harvesting practices in your locality. Discuss with your teachers and parents to learn more about it.
Answer

Almost every region of India worked out its own way of catching and storing rain long before pipes and pumps existed. Find out which of these belongs to your area.

Traditional systemRegionHow it works
Bawadi / Baoli (stepwell)RajasthanDeep stepped well; stores rainwater and water seeping in from nearby lakes and ponds — e.g. Toorji ka Jhalra, Jodhpur
VavGujaratStepwell, such as Rani ki Vav in Patan and Adalaj ni Vav
Johad, Tanka, Khadin, KundRajasthanEarthen check dam; underground tank under a courtyard; embankment that holds runoff on farmland
Ahar–PyneBihar (Magadh)Channels (pyne) lead river and rain water into a reservoir (ahar)
Eri / Kere (tanks), KalyaniTamil Nadu, KarnatakaChains of village tanks and temple tanks that fill one after another
Phad and BandharaMaharashtraDiversion channels from a stream to the fields
Kuhl / Kul, Naula, GuhlHimachal Pradesh, Jammu, UttarakhandSmall canals from a glacier stream; stone-lined spring tanks
Bamboo drip irrigation, ZaboMeghalaya, NagalandSplit bamboo pipes carry spring water; rain caught on hill terraces
Surangam, Zing, VirdaKerala, Ladakh, Kutch (Gujarat)Tunnel well in laterite; tank for glacier melt; shallow well in a sandy hollow

How to do this task: ask your grandparents or an elderly neighbour whether the village had a talab, johad, baoli, kere or temple tank; find out who looked after it, and whether it still holds water. Then draw a simple sketch of it and write five lines about it.

Did you know? A stepwell stores not only rainwater but also water that seeps in from nearby lakes, ponds and rivers. Its trench walls are lined with blocks of stone laid so that water can pass between them.
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