NCERT Solutions for Exploring Society: India and Beyond Chapter 6 The Beginnings Of Indian Civilisation

Updated on 2026-09-05

About this chapter

A civilisation is not just ‘people living long ago’ — it is a checklist. The chapter sets out seven characteristics: some form of government and administration , urbanism (town-planning, water management, drainage), a variety of crafts , trade both internal and external, some form of writing , cultural ideas expressed through art, architecture, literature, oral traditions or social customs, and a productive agriculture — enough to feed not just the villages but also the cities. India's first civilisation grew in the north-west, along two river systems. The Indus (Sindhu) and its five main tributaries watered the plains of the Punjab and Sindh; a little further east flowed the Sarasvatī , from the foothills of the Himalayas through Haryana, Punjab, parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat. From about

  • Chapter opening
  • What Is a Civilisation?
  • From Village to City
  • Town-Planning
  • Water Management
  • What Did the Harappans Eat?
  • A Brisk Trade
  • The Lives of the Ancients
  • The End or a New Beginning?
  • The chapter in three points
  1. Chapter opening — The Big Questions Page 85
  2. What Is a Civilisation? — In-text Questions Page 86
  3. What Is a Civilisation? — THINK ABOUT IT Page 86
  4. What Is a Civilisation? — LET'S EXPLORE Page 87
  5. What Is a Civilisation? — In-text Questions Page 87
  6. From Village to City — In-text Questions Page 88
  7. From Village to City — LET'S EXPLORE Page 89
  8. Town-Planning — THINK ABOUT IT Page 91
  9. Town-Planning — In-text Questions Page 93
  10. Town-Planning — LET'S EXPLORE Page 93
  11. Water Management — LET'S EXPLORE Page 95
  12. Water Management — THINK ABOUT IT Page 96
  13. What Did the Harappans Eat? — In-text Questions Page 97
  14. What Did the Harappans Eat? — LET US EXPLORE Page 97
  15. A Brisk Trade — LET'S EXPLORE Page 99
  16. The Lives of the Ancients — THINK ABOUT IT Page 102
  17. The Lives of the Ancients — LET'S EXPLORE Page 102
  18. The End or a New Beginning? — THINK ABOUT IT Page 102
  19. The End or a New Beginning? — In-text Questions Page 102
  20. The chapter in three points — Before we move on ... Page 103
  21. End-of-chapter exercise — Questions, activities and projects Page 104
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